Polovtsy / Kipchak , Polovtzi , - sub-tribes - Cumans, Izgay, Osoluk, Burchevichi
a nomadic Turkic-speaking tribal confederation
Formed form:
began migrating in about 1017 or 1018 from eastern Mongolia and occupied the area stretching from
Kazakhstan to the Danube by 1055. Politically disorganized and lacking a unified policy in their relations with
Rus. Polovtsy had settlements, probably occupied by impoverished Polovtsy and Rus migrants who practiced
agriculture. Located between Rus and the Black Sea, Polovtsy controlled trade between the two regions and
directly participated in commercial activities. For their livestock, they received agricultural products and luxury
items from Rus.
Coming from NW Asian Russia, they conquered S Russia and Walachia in the 11th cent., and for almost two
centuries warred intermittently with the Byzantine Empire, Hungary, and Kiev. They founded a nomadic state in
the steppes along the Black Sea, and were active in commerce with Central Asia and Venice.
First Record:
Changes:
Recorded Names:
male: Khan Tyunrak Osulukovich- and brother Kamosa, Khan Bashkorod, Khan Kobyak, Khan Konchak and his
brother Eltut, Khan Kobyak, Khan Kza, Khan Burnovich, Khan Toksobich, Khan Kolobich, Khan Etibich, Khan
Ter'trobich, Khan Kuntuvdey, Khan Toglyy, Khan Chilbuk,
Cities and Towns:
Neighbors:
Resources to explore:
Golden, Peter B. (1990). "The Peoples of the South Russian Steppe." In The Cambridge History of Early Inner
Asia, ed. Denis Sinor. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Golden, Peter B. (1991). "Aspects of the Nomadic Factor in the Economic Development of Kievan Rus'." In
Ukrainian Economic History: Interpretive Essays, ed.I.S. Koropeckyj. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Ukrainian
Research Institute.
Golden, Peter B. (1992). An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples. Wiesbaden, Germany:
Harrassowitz Verlag.
Noonan, Thomas S. (1992). "Rus', Pechenegs, and
Polovtsy: Economic Interaction Along the Steppe Frontier in the Pre-Mongol Era." Russian History/Histoire
Russe 19:301 - 326.
Pritsak, Omeljan. (1982). "The Polovcians and Rus'."
The Dynasty of Chernigov 1146-1246 Martin Dimnik
Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 2:321 - 280.